UPSC Prelims 2023 Question on –Extremophile Microorganisms-Thermophiles, Psychrophiles & Acidophiles
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperatures above the boiling point of water.
2. Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperatures below the freezing point of water.
3. Some microorganisms can grow in a highly acidic environment with a pH below 3.
How many of the above statements are correct?
✅ Correct Answer: [C] All three
Explanation:
Statement 1: Correct. Thermophiles can survive and reproduce at extremely high temperatures. Pyrolobus fumarii has been found growing at temperatures above 113°C.
Statement 2: Correct. Psychrophiles are microorganisms that can grow and reproduce in extremely cold conditions, including temperatures below the freezing point of water.
Statement 3: Correct. Acidophiles thrive in highly acidic environments. Extreme acidophiles can grow in conditions where the pH is below 3.
These organisms are collectively known as extremophiles because they inhabit environments considered hostile for most life forms.
